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wiki:руководство_по_ubuntu_server:сеть:ntp [2012/05/20 11:43] создано |
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| =====Синхронизация времени по NTP===== | =====Синхронизация времени по NTP===== | ||
| - | NTP is a TCP/IP protocol for synchronising time over a network. Basically a client requests the current time from a server, and uses it to set its own clock. | + | NTP - это протокол синхронизации времени по сети. По существу клиенты запрашивают текущее время на сервере и используют его для установки своих собственных часов. |
| - | Behind this simple description, there is a lot of complexity - there are tiers of NTP servers, with the tier one NTP servers connected to atomic clocks, and tier two and three servers spreading the load of actually handling requests across the Internet. Also the client software is a lot more complex than you might think - it has to factor out communication delays, and adjust the time in a way that does not upset all the other processes that run on the server. But luckily all that complexity is hidden from you! | + | За этим простым описанием скрывается много сложностей - существуют уровни NTP серверов, где первый уровень подключен к атомным часам, а второй и третий уровни серверов распределяют на себя нагрузку по актуальным запросам из интернета. Кроме того клиентское приложение сложнее, чем вы можете подумать - оно компенсирует задержки соединения и регулирует время таким образом, чтобы не навредить другим процессам, запущенным на сервере. Но к счастью вся эта сложность скрыта от вас! |
| - | Ubuntu uses ntpdate and ntpd. | + | Ubuntu использует ntpdate и ntpd. |
| - | ntpdate | + | ====ntpdate==== |
| - | ntpd | + | |
| - | Installation | + | |
| - | Configuration | + | |
| - | View status | + | |
| - | References | + | |
| - | ntpdate | + | Ubuntu стандартно устанавливается с ntpdate и будет запускать его при каждой загрузке один раз для установки времени по NTP серверу Ubuntu. |
| + | <code>ntpdate -s ntp.ubuntu.com</code> | ||
| - | Ubuntu comes with ntpdate as standard, and will run it once at boot time to set up your time according to Ubuntu's NTP server. | + | ====ntpd==== |
| - | ntpdate -s ntp.ubuntu.com | + | Сервис NTP ntpd вычисляет уход ваших системных часов и постоянно подправляет их, благодаря чему не происходит сильных изменений, что может приводить к непоследовательности в журналах. Ценой этому небольшое расходование мощности процессора и оперативной памяти, но для современного сервера это несущественно. |
| - | ntpd | + | ====Установка==== |
| - | The ntp daemon ntpd calculates the drift of your system clock and continuously adjusts it, so there are no large corrections that could lead to inconsistent logs for instance. The cost is a little processing power and memory, but for a modern server this is negligible. | + | Для установки ntpd из терминала введите: |
| - | Installation | + | <code>sudo apt-get install ntp</code> |
| - | To install ntpd, from a terminal prompt enter: | + | ====Настройка==== |
| - | sudo apt-get install ntp | + | Отредактируйте /etc/ntp.conf для добавления/удаления серверов. По умолчанию эти сервера такие: |
| - | + | <code># Use servers from the NTP Pool Project. Approved by Ubuntu Technical Board | |
| - | Configuration | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Edit /etc/ntp.conf to add/remove server lines. By default these servers are configured: | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | # Use servers from the NTP Pool Project. Approved by Ubuntu Technical Board | + | |
| # on 2011-02-08 (LP: #104525). See http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html for | # on 2011-02-08 (LP: #104525). See http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html for | ||
| # more information. | # more information. | ||
| Строка 46: | Строка 37: | ||
| server 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org | server 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org | ||
| server 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org | server 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org | ||
| - | server 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org | + | server 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org</code> |
| - | After changing the config file you have to reload the ntpd: | + | После изменений конфигурационного файла вам надо перезапустить ntpd: |
| + | <code>sudo service ntp restart</code> | ||
| - | sudo /etc/init.d/ntp reload | + | ====Просмотр статуса==== |
| - | View status | + | Используйте ntpq для просмотра дополнительной информации: |
| - | + | <code># sudo ntpq -p | |
| - | Use ntpq to see to see more info: | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | # sudo ntpq -p | + | |
| remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter | remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter | ||
| ============================================================================== | ============================================================================== | ||
| Строка 63: | Строка 52: | ||
| *145.253.66.170 .DCFa. 1 u 10 64 377 83.607 -30.159 68.343 | *145.253.66.170 .DCFa. 1 u 10 64 377 83.607 -30.159 68.343 | ||
| +stratum2-3.NTP. 129.70.130.70 2 u 5 64 357 68.795 -68.168 104.612 | +stratum2-3.NTP. 129.70.130.70 2 u 5 64 357 68.795 -68.168 104.612 | ||
| - | +europium.canoni 193.79.237.14 2 u 63 64 337 81.534 -67.968 92.792 | + | +europium.canoni 193.79.237.14 2 u 63 64 337 81.534 -67.968 92.792</code> |
| - | + | ||
| - | References | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | See the Ubuntu Time wiki page for more information. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ntp.org, home of the Network Time Protocol project | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Time Synchronisation with NTP | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | NTP is a TCP/IP protocol for synchronising time over a network. Basically a client requests the current time from a server, and uses it to set its own clock. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Behind this simple description, there is a lot of complexity - there are tiers of NTP servers, with the tier one NTP servers connected to atomic clocks, and tier two and three servers spreading the load of actually handling requests across the Internet. Also the client software is a lot more complex than you might think - it has to factor out communication delays, and adjust the time in a way that does not upset all the other processes that run on the server. But luckily all that complexity is hidden from you! | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Ubuntu uses ntpdate and ntpd. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ntpdate | + | |
| - | ntpd | + | |
| - | Installation | + | |
| - | Configuration | + | |
| - | View status | + | |
| - | References | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ntpdate | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Ubuntu comes with ntpdate as standard, and will run it once at boot time to set up your time according to Ubuntu's NTP server. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ntpdate -s ntp.ubuntu.com | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ntpd | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | The ntp daemon ntpd calculates the drift of your system clock and continuously adjusts it, so there are no large corrections that could lead to inconsistent logs for instance. The cost is a little processing power and memory, but for a modern server this is negligible. | + | |
| - | Installation | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | To install ntpd, from a terminal prompt enter: | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | sudo apt-get install ntp | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Configuration | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Edit /etc/ntp.conf to add/remove server lines. By default these servers are configured: | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | # Use servers from the NTP Pool Project. Approved by Ubuntu Technical Board | + | |
| - | # on 2011-02-08 (LP: #104525). See http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html for | + | |
| - | # more information. | + | |
| - | server 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org | + | |
| - | server 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org | + | |
| - | server 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org | + | |
| - | server 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | After changing the config file you have to reload the ntpd: | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | sudo /etc/init.d/ntp reload | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | View status | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Use ntpq to see to see more info: | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | # sudo ntpq -p | + | |
| - | remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter | + | |
| - | ============================================================================== | + | |
| - | +stratum2-2.NTP. 129.70.130.70 2 u 5 64 377 68.461 -44.274 110.334 | + | |
| - | +ntp2.m-online.n 212.18.1.106 2 u 5 64 377 54.629 -27.318 78.882 | + | |
| - | *145.253.66.170 .DCFa. 1 u 10 64 377 83.607 -30.159 68.343 | + | |
| - | +stratum2-3.NTP. 129.70.130.70 2 u 5 64 357 68.795 -68.168 104.612 | + | |
| - | +europium.canoni 193.79.237.14 2 u 63 64 337 81.534 -67.968 92.792 | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | References | + | |
| - | See the Ubuntu Time wiki page for more information. | + | ====Ссылки==== |
| - | ntp.org, home of the Network Time Protocol project | + | -- Смотрите страницу энциклопедии [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuTime|Ubuntu Time]] для дополнительной информации. |
| + | -- [[http://www.ntp.org/|Домашняя страница проекта Проткола синхронизации времени ntp.org]] | ||
| ---- | ---- | ||
