Уведомление об ошибках в Ubuntu Server Edition

Когда проект Ubuntu собирается выпустить редакцию программного обеспечения с настолько минимальным количеством ошибок, насколько это возможно, ошибки сразу проявляются. Вы можете помочь их исправить, отправляя отчеты об обнаруженных сбоях проекту. Проект Ubuntu использует Launchpad для отслеживания отчетов о своих ошибках. Чтобы зарегистрировать сбой в Ubuntu Server на Launchpad вам потребуется создать учетную запись.

Предпочтительным способом отправить отчет об ошибке является использование команды ubuntu-bug. Утилита ubuntu-bug собирает информацию о системе, полезную разработчикам при диагностике описываемой проблемы, которая затем будет включена в отчет об ошибке, зарегистрированный на Launchpad. Отчеты об ошибках в Ubuntu требуют определения программного пакета, поэтому имя пакета, в котором произошла ошибка, должно быть передано ubuntu-bug:

ubuntu-bug PACKAGENAME

Например, для регистрации ошибки в пакете openssh-server, вам потребуется выполнить:

ubuntu-bug openssh-server

Вы можете указать для ubuntu-bug как двоичный пакет, так и пакет исходного кода. Опять же, используя openssh-server в качестве примера, вы можете создать отчет по пакету источника для openssh-server, openssh:

ubuntu-bug openssh

Команда ubuntu-bug собирает информацию об упомянутой системе, возможно включая специфическую информацию для указанного пакета, и затем спрашивает что вы собираетесь делать с собранной информацией:

ubuntu-bug postgresql

*** Collecting problem information

The collected information can be sent to the developers to improve the
application. This might take a few minutes.
..........

*** Send problem report to the developers?

After the problem report has been sent, please fill out the form in the
automatically opened web browser.

What would you like to do? Your options are:
  S: Send report (1.7 KiB)
  V: View report
  K: Keep report file for sending later or copying to somewhere else
  C: Cancel
Please choose (S/V/K/C):

Доступными вариантами являются:

  Send Report Selecting Send Report submits the collected information to Launchpad as part of the the process of filing a bug report. You will be given the opportunity to describe the situation that led up to the occurrence of the bug.

• * Uploading problem information

  The collected information is being sent to the bug tracking system.
  This might take a few minutes.
  91%

• * To continue, you must visit the following URL:

  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/postgresql-8.4/+filebug/kc6eSnTLnLxF8u0t3e56EukFeqJ?

  You can launch a browser now, or copy this URL into a browser on another
  computer.

  Choices:
    1: Launch a browser now
    C: Cancel
  Please choose (1/C):

  If you choose to start a browser, by default the text based web browser w3m will be used to finish filing the bug report. Alternately, you can copy the given URL to a currently running web browser.

  View Report Selecting View Report causes the collected information to be displayed to the terminal for review.

  Package: postgresql 8.4.2-2
  PackageArchitecture: all
  Tags: lucid
  ProblemType: Bug
  ProcEnviron:
    LANG=en_US.UTF-8
    SHELL=/bin/bash
  Uname: Linux 2.6.32-16-server x86_64
  Dependencies:
    adduser 3.112ubuntu1
    base-files 5.0.0ubuntu10
    base-passwd 3.5.22
    coreutils 7.4-2ubuntu2
  ...

  After viewing the report, you will be brought back to the same menu asking what you would like to do with the report.

  Keep Report File Selecting Keep Report File causes the gathered information to be written to a file. This file can then be used to later file a bug report or transferred to a different Ubuntu system for reporting. To submit the report file, simply give it as an argument to the ubuntu-bug command:

  What would you like to do? Your options are:
    S: Send report (1.7 KiB)
    V: View report
    K: Keep report file for sending later or copying to somewhere else
    C: Cancel
  Please choose (S/V/K/C): k
  Problem report file: /tmp/apport.postgresql.v4MQas.apport

  ubuntu-bug /tmp/apport.postgresql.v4MQas.apport

• * Send problem report to the developers?

  .

  Cancel Selecting Cancel causes the collected information to be discarded.

The software package that provides the ubuntu-bug utility, apport, can be configured to trigger when applications crash. This is disabled by default, as capturing a crash can be resource intensive depending on how much memory the application that crashed was using as apport captures and processes the core dump.

Configuring apport to capture information about crashing applications requires a couple of steps. First, gdb needs to be installed; it is not installed by default in Ubuntu Server Edition.

sudo apt-get install gdb

See Package Management for more information about managing packages in Ubuntu.

Once you have ensured that gdb is installed, open the file /etc/default/apport in your text editor, and change the enabled setting to be 1 like so:

# set this to 0 to disable apport, or to 1 to enable it # you can temporarily override this with # sudo service apport start force_start=1 enabled=1

# set maximum core dump file size (default: 209715200 bytes == 200 MB) maxsize=209715200

Once you have completed editing /etc/default/apport, start the apport service:

sudo start apport

After an application crashes, use the apport-cli command to search for the existing saved crash report information:

apport-cli

*** dash closed unexpectedly on 2010-03-11 at 21:40:59.

If you were not doing anything confidential (entering passwords or other private information), you can help to improve the application by reporting the problem.

What would you like to do? Your options are:

R: Report Problem...
I: Cancel and ignore future crashes of this program version
C: Cancel

Please choose (R/I/C):

Selecting Report Problem will walk you through similar steps as when using ubuntu-bug. One important difference is that a crash report will be marked as private when filed on Launchpad, meaning that it will be visible to only a limited set of bug triagers. These triagers will review the gathered data for private information before making the bug report publicly visible.

  See the Reporting Bugs Ubuntu wiki page.

  Also, the Apport page has some useful information. Though some of it pertains to using a GUI.