Создание собственного дистрибутива на базе Ubuntu с нуля Сравнение версий

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wiki:дистрибутив_на_базе_ubuntu_вручную [2014/04/24 23:01]
[Создание diskdefines] Добавлена метка LTS
wiki:дистрибутив_на_базе_ubuntu_вручную [2015/05/18 08:26]
[Полезные ссылки]
Строка 92: Строка 92:
 mount none-t sysfs /sys mount none-t sysfs /sys
 mount none-t devpts /dev/pts mount none-t devpts /dev/pts
-export HOME=/root+export HOME=/etc/skel
 export LC_ALL=C export LC_ALL=C
 sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 12345678 # Substitute " 12345678 " with the PPA's OpenPGP ID. sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 12345678 # Substitute " 12345678 " with the PPA's OpenPGP ID.
Строка 109: Строка 109:
 ln -s /bin/true /​sbin/​initctl ln -s /bin/true /​sbin/​initctl
 </​code>​ </​code>​
 +Если Вы этого не сделаете,​ то консоль выругается:​
 +<note warning>
 +<​code>​
 +initctl: Unable to connect to Upstart: Failed to connect to socket /​com/​ubuntu/​upstart:​ Connection refused
 +initctl: Unable to connect to Upstart: Failed to connect to socket /​com/​ubuntu/​upstart:​ Connection refused
 +start: Unable to connect to Upstart: Failed to connect to socket /​com/​ubuntu/​upstart:​ Connection refused
 +invoke-rc.d:​ initscript systemd-logind,​ action "​start"​ failed.
 +dpkg: error processing package libpam-systemd:​i386 (--configure):​
 + ​subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
 +Errors were encountered while processing:
 + ​libpam-systemd:​i386
 +E: Sub-process /​usr/​bin/​dpkg returned an error code (1)
 +
 +</​code>​
 +</​note>​
 Обновите пакеты,​ если хотите : Обновите пакеты,​ если хотите :
 <​code>​ <​code>​
Строка 154: Строка 169:
  
 <​code>​apt-get install ubiquity-frontend-kde</​code>​ <​code>​apt-get install ubiquity-frontend-kde</​code>​
 +===== Дополнительная подготовка =====
  
 +На данном этапе я расскажу,​ как создать файлы initrd.lz и casper-uuid-generic,​ необходимые для нормальной работы образа.
 +В chroot выполняем
 +<​code>​
 +cd /tmp # Заходим в оперативную память
 +cp /initrd.img ./​initrd0.gz # копируем в /tmp initrd.img  ​
 +casper-new-uuid /​tmp/​initrd0.gz /​tmp/​initrd.gz /​tmp/​casper-uuid-generic # Создаем файлы initrd.gz и casper-uuid-generic
 +mkdir /tmp/tmp # создаем папку для временного хранения initramfs
 +cd ./tmp # входим в нее
 +gunzip -dc ../​initrd.gz | cpio -imvd --no-absolute-filenames # распаковка gz
 +find . | cpio --quiet --dereference -o -H newc | lzma -7 > ../​initrd.lz # упаковка в lz
 +</​code>​
 +В том же терминале открываем вторую вкладку и выполняем:​
 +<​code>​
 +cp -v chroot/​tmp/​{initrd.lz,​casper-uuid-generic} . # копируем файлы за chroot
 +</​code>​
 +Возращаемся в первую вкладку и удаляем из /tmp все:
 +<​code>​
 +cd /
 +rm -rfv /tmp/*
 +</​code>​
 ===== Очистка Чрута. ===== ===== Очистка Чрута. =====
  
Строка 173: Строка 209:
  
 <​code>​ <​code>​
-ls /​boot/​vmlinuz-3.**-**-generic>​ list.txt +ls /​boot/​vmlinuz-3.**-**-generic > list.txt 
-sum = $(cat list.txt | grep '​[^]'​ | wc -l) +sum=$(cat list.txt | grep '[^ ]' | wc -l) 
-if [$ sum-gt 1 ]; then+if [ $sum -gt 1 ]; then
 dpkg -l '​linux-*'​ | sed '/​^ii/​!d;/'"​$(uname -r | sed "​s/​\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/​\1/"​)"'/​d;​s/​^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/​\1/;/​[0-9]/​!d'​ | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge dpkg -l '​linux-*'​ | sed '/​^ii/​!d;/'"​$(uname -r | sed "​s/​\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/​\1/"​)"'/​d;​s/​^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/​\1/;/​[0-9]/​!d'​ | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge
 fi fi
Строка 185: Строка 221:
 <​code>​ <​code>​
 apt-get clean apt-get clean
-rm-rf /tmp/*+rm -rf /tmp/*
 rm /​etc/​resolv.conf rm /​etc/​resolv.conf
 umount -lf  /proc umount -lf  /proc
Строка 201: Строка 237:
 То есть, Вы вошли в изолированную систему,​ установили пакеты,​ провели очистку и вышли. То есть, Вы вошли в изолированную систему,​ установили пакеты,​ провели очистку и вышли.
  
 +===== Настройка окружающей среды по умолчанию =====
 +
 +Данный пункт не является обязательным. При загрузке окружения рабочего стола (в моем случае Unity 7) хочется настроить программы на боковой панели,​ настроить часы, которые выглядят ужасно в обычной версии Unity. Поэтому здесь я расскажу как можно настроить unity 7.
 +Общеизвестно,​ что Unity 7 настраивается через dconf. Файлы настроек по умолчанию находятся в папке ​
 +<​code>​
 +/​usr/​share/​glib-2.0/​schemas/​
 +</​code>​
 +и имеют имена соответствующие иерархии в dconf-editor.
 +Мы изменим некоторые из них:
 +<​code>​
 +com.canonical.Unity.gschema.xml # Основная схема настройка Unity 7. В ней изменим программы по умолчанию.
 +com.canonical.indicator.datetime.gschema.xml # Схема по настройке часов в апплете уведомлений. Изменим формат часов
 +org.gnome.nautilus.desktop.gschema.xml # Укажем,​ какие папки всегда выводить на рабочий стол (Корзина,​ Домашняя папка, Сеть и Компьютер),​ а также шрифт рабочего стола
 +</​code>​
 +== Листинг com.canonical.Unity.gschema.xml ==
 +
 +<​code>​
 +<​schemalist>​
 +  <enum id="​form-factor-enum">​
 +    <value nick="​Automatic"​ value="​0"​ />
 +    <value nick="​Desktop"​ value="​1"​ />
 +    <value nick="​Netbook"​ value="​2"​ />
 +    <value nick="​TV"​ value="​3"​ />
 +  </​enum>​
 +  <enum id="​home-expanded-enum">​
 +    <value nick="​Not Expanded"​ value="​0"​ />
 +    <value nick="​Expanded"​ value="​1"​ />
 +  </​enum>​
 +
 +  <schema path="/​com/​canonical/​unity/"​ id="​com.canonical.Unity"​ gettext-domain="​unity">​
 +    <key enum="​form-factor-enum"​ name="​form-factor">​
 +      <​default>"​Automatic"</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​The form factor Unity should target.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​The form factor chosen will affect the size and appearance of the Dash, Launcher and also the Window Management behaviour.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key enum="​home-expanded-enum"​ name="​home-expanded">​
 +      <​default>"​Expanded"</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Whether the home screen should be expanded.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Whether the home screen should be expanded.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​i"​ name="​minimize-count">​
 +      <​default>​0</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Number of times a normal window has been minimized.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This is used to adjust the animation speed by making it progressively faster the more it is used.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​i"​ name="​minimize-fast-duration">​
 +      <​default>​300</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​The duration for the minimize animation when it is at its fastest setting.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This is the duration that the minimize animation will have when it has been used more than an number of times equal minimize-speed-threshold.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​i"​ name="​minimize-slow-duration">​
 +      <​default>​800</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​The duration for the minimize animation when it is at its slowest setting.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This is the duration that the minimize animation will have when it has never been used.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​i"​ name="​minimize-speed-threshold">​
 +      <​default>​100</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​The number of minimizations required to reach maximum speed.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​The speed of the minimize animation will progressively get faster as minimize-count approaches this value.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​double-click-activate">​
 +      <​default>​true</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Enable/​Disable dash result double-click activation.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This is used to enable/​disable double-click result activation in the dash. Double-click to activate, single click preview</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​integrated-menus">​
 +      <​default>​false</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Enable/​Disable the integrated menus in Unity.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​When this is enabled, the application menus will be shown
 +        on the window decoration, otherwise they will be always shown on the
 +        unity top panel</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +  <schema path="/​com/​canonical/​unity/​interface/"​ id="​com.canonical.Unity.Interface"​ gettext-domain="​unity">​
 +    <key type="​d"​ name="​text-scale-factor">​
 +      <​default>​1.0</​default>​
 +      <range min="​0.5"​ max="​3.0"/>​
 +      <​summary>​Font scaling for unity and applications.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This value defines the global font scaling used by both
 +        unity and applications. It will match the current system font scaling.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​d"​ name="​cursor-scale-factor">​
 +      <​default>​1.0</​default>​
 +      <range min="​0.5"​ max="​3.0"/>​
 +      <​summary>​Mouse cursor scaling.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This value defines the global mouse cursor scaling used by both
 +        unity and applications. Changing this value allows to use a custom scaling
 +        for the mouse cursor.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​s"​ name="​app-scale-factor-monitor">​
 +      <​default>''</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​The name of the monitor that controls the global app scaling factor.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This value defines the monitor that unity will use (if found) as reference
 +        for scaling all the applications.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​app-fallback-to-maximum-scale-factor">​
 +      <​default>​true</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Use the maximum per-monitor scale-factor as application scale factor if no target monitor is found.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​When this is enabled, the applications scale factor will match
 +        the scale factor of the monitor with the greater value, in case the monitor
 +        defined in '​app-scale-factor-monitor'​ is not provided or available.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +  <schema path="/​com/​canonical/​unity/​launcher/"​ id="​com.canonical.Unity.Launcher"​ gettext-domain="​unity">​
 +    <key type="​as"​ name="​favorites">​ # Секция программ по умолчанию. Будут загружены на liveCD
 +      <​default>​[
 +        '​application://​ubiquity.desktop',​
 +        '​application://​nautilus.desktop',​
 +        '​application://​firefox.desktop',​
 +        '​application://​libreoffice-writer.desktop',​
 +        '​application://​libreoffice-calc.desktop',​
 +        '​application://​libreoffice-impress.desktop',​
 +        '​application://​ubuntu-software-center.desktop',​
 +        '​application://​ubuntu-amazon-default.desktop',​
 +        '​application://​unity-control-center.desktop',​
 +        '​unity://​running-apps',​
 +        '​unity://​expo-icon',​
 +        '​unity://​devices'​
 +      ]</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​List of items that should be shown by default in the launcher</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​These items can be: application://​desktop-id.desktop,​ device://​uiid and unity://​special-id (including: unity://​running-apps (icons of running applications) unity://​devices (icons of attached devices), unity://​expo-icon (icon of the workspace switcher) and unity://​desktop-icon (the show-desktop icon)); the order of this list determines the launcher item's position.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​s"​ name="​favorite-migration">​
 +      <​default>''</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Version of last migration done</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This is a detection key for the favorite migration script to know whether the needed migration is done or not.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +  <schema path="/​com/​canonical/​unity/​devices/"​ id="​com.canonical.Unity.Devices"​ gettext-domain="​unity">​
 +    <key type="​as"​ name="​blacklist">​
 +        <​default>​[]</​default>​
 +        <​summary>​List of device uuid blacklist from the launcher.</​summary>​
 +        <​description>​These devices are not shown in the launcher by default.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +  <schema path="/​com/​canonical/​unity/​dash/"​ id="​com.canonical.Unity.Dash"​ gettext-domain="​unity">​
 +    <key type="​as"​ name="​scopes">​
 +      <​default>​[ '​home.scope',​ '​applications.scope',​ '​files.scope',​ '​video.scope',​ '​music.scope',​ '​photos.scope',​ '​social.scope'​ ]</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​List of scope ids specifying which scopes should be created and the order to display them in.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​The scopes listed in the scope bar will be ordered according to this list.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +  <schema path="/​com/​canonical/​unity/​decorations/"​ id="​com.canonical.Unity.Decorations"​ gettext-domain="​unity">​
 +    <key type="​u"​ name="​grab-wait">​
 +      <​default>​175</​default>​
 +      <range min="​0"​ max="​1000"/>​
 +      <​summary>​Milliseconds to wait before considering a mouse pressure a grab</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​The number of ms to wait before starting the window movement (and then
 +        showing the proper mouse cursor, and grabbing the window)</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +  <schema path="/​com/​canonical/​unity/​integrated-menus/"​ id="​com.canonical.Unity.IntegratedMenus"​ gettext-domain="​unity">​
 +    <key type="​u"​ name="​click-movement-threshold">​
 +      <​default>​15</​default>​
 +      <range min="​0"​ max="​30"/>​
 +      <​summary>​Number of pixels to ignore on mouse pressure</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This value define how many pixels the user can move the mouse
 +        when holding the mouse button, before we consider his action a movement
 +        (to grab the window).</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​u"​ name="​double-click-wait">​
 +      <​default>​0</​default>​
 +      <range min="​0"​ max="​300"/>​
 +      <​summary>​Milliseconds to wait before activating a menu after mouse release</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​The number of ms to wait after a mouse button release event before considering
 +        it a click. When this value is greater than 0, then it's possible to maximize
 +        a window by double-clicking on its menus if the second click happens before the
 +        specified value of ms is elapsed</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +</​schemalist>​
 +</​code>​
 +
 +== Листинг com.canonical.indicator.datetime.gschema.xml ==
 +<​code>​
 +<​schemalist>​
 + <enum id="​time-enum">​
 + <value nick="​locale-default"​ value="​0"​ />
 + <value nick="​12-hour"​ value="​1"​ />
 + <value nick="​24-hour"​ value="​2"​ />
 + <value nick="​custom"​ value="​3"​ />
 + </​enum>​
 + <schema id="​com.canonical.indicator.datetime"​ path="/​com/​canonical/​indicator/​datetime/"​ gettext-domain="​indicator-datetime">​
 + <key name="​show-clock"​ type="​b">​
 + <​default>​true</​default>​
 + <​summary>​Show the clock in the panel</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Controls whether the clock indicator appears in the panel or not.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​time-format"​ enum="​time-enum">​
 + <​default>'​locale-default'</​default>​ # Изменим на custom
 + <​summary>​What the time format should be</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Controls the time format that is displayed in the indicator. ​ For almost
 +   all users this should be the default for their locale. ​ If you think the
 +   setting is wrong for your locale please join or talk to the translation
 +   team for your language. ​ If you just want something different you can
 +   adjust this to be either 12 or 24 time.  Or, you can use a custom format
 +   string and set the custom-time-format setting.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​custom-time-format"​ type="​s">​
 + <​default>"​%l:​%M %p"</​default>​ #​Подправим на %A, %d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S %Z Чтобы дата и время выглядели так: Четверг,​ 06.11.2014 19:18:17 MSK
 + <​summary>​The format string passed to strftime</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   The format of the time and/or date that is visible on the panel when using
 +   the indicator. ​ For most users this will be a set of predefined values as
 +   determined by the configuration utility, but advanced users can change it
 +   to anything strftime can accept. ​ Look at the man page on strftime for
 +   more information.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​show-seconds"​ type="​b">​
 + <​default>​false</​default>​
 + <​summary>​Show the number of seconds in the indicator</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Makes the datetime indicator show the number of seconds in the indicator.
 +   It's important to note that this will cause additional battery drain as
 +   the time will update 60 times as often, so it is not recommended. ​ Also,
 +   this setting will be ignored if the time-format value is set to custom.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​show-day"​ type="​b">​
 + <​default>​false</​default>​
 + <​summary>​Show the day of the week in the indicator</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Puts the day of the week on the panel along with the time and/or date
 +   depending on settings. ​ This setting will be ignored if the time-format
 +   value is set to custom.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​show-date"​ type="​b">​
 + <​default>​false</​default>​
 + <​summary>​Show the month and date in the indicator</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Puts the month and the date in the panel along with the time and/or day
 +   of the week depending on settings. ​ This setting will be ignored if the
 +   time-format value is set to custom.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​show-year"​ type="​b">​
 + <​default>​false</​default>​
 + <​summary>​Show the year in the indicator</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Puts the year in the panel along with the month and the date.
 +   This setting will be ignored if either the time-format value is set to custom
 +   or if show-date is set to false.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​show-calendar"​ type="​b">​
 + <​default>​true</​default>​
 + <​summary>​Show the monthly calendar in the indicator</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Puts the monthly calendar in indicator-datetime'​s menu.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​show-week-numbers"​ type="​b">​
 + <​default>​false</​default>​
 + <​summary>​Show week numbers in calendar</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Shows the week numbers in the monthly calendar in indicator-datetime'​s menu.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​show-events"​ type="​b">​
 + <​default>​true</​default>​
 + <​summary>​Show events in the indicator</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Shows events from Evolution in indicator-datetime'​s menu.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​show-auto-detected-location"​ type="​b">​
 + <​default>​false</​default>​
 + <​summary>​Show the auto-detected location in the indicator</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Shows your current location (determined from geoclue and /​etc/​timezone) in indicator-datetime'​s menu.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​show-locations"​ type="​b">​
 + <​default>​false</​default>​
 + <​summary>​Show locations in the indicator</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Shows custom defined locations in indicator-datetime'​s menu.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​locations"​ type="​as">​
 + <​default>​['​UTC'​]</​default>​
 + <​summary>​A List of locations</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Adds the list of locations the user has configured to display in the 
 +   indicator-datetime menu.
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + <key name="​timezone-name"​ type="​s">​
 + <​default>''</​default>​
 + <​summary>​The name of the current timezone</​summary>​
 + <​description>​
 +   Some timezones can be known by many different cities or names. ​ This setting describes how the current zone prefers to be named. ​ Format is "​TIMEZONE NAME" (e.g. "​America/​New_York Boston"​ to name the New_York zone Boston).
 + </​description>​
 + </​key>​
 + </​schema>​
 +</​schemalist>​
 +</​code>​
 +
 +== Листинг org.gnome.nautilus.gschema.xml ==
 +<​code>​
 +<?xml version="​1.0"​ encoding="​UTF-8"?>​
 +<​schemalist>​
 +  <enum id="​org.gnome.nautilus.SpeedTradeoff">​
 +    <value value="​0"​ nick="​always"/>​
 +    <value value="​1"​ nick="​local-only"/>​
 +    <value value="​2"​ nick="​never"/>​
 +  </​enum>​
 +
 +  <enum id="​org.gnome.nautilus.ClickPolicy">​
 +    <value value="​0"​ nick="​single"/>​
 +    <value value="​1"​ nick="​double"/>​
 +  </​enum>​
 +
 +  <enum id="​org.gnome.nautilus.ActivationChoice">​
 +    <value value="​0"​ nick="​launch"/>​
 +    <value value="​1"​ nick="​display"/>​
 +    <value value="​2"​ nick="​ask"/>​
 +  </​enum>​
 +
 +  <enum id="​org.gnome.nautilus.FolderView">​
 +    <value value="​0"​ nick="​icon-view"/>​
 +    <value value="​1"​ nick="​list-view"/>​
 +  </​enum>​
 +
 +  <enum id="​org.gnome.nautilus.SortOrder">​
 +    <value value="​0"​ nick="​manually"/>​
 +    <value value="​1"​ nick="​name"/>​
 +    <value value="​2"​ nick="​size"/>​
 +    <value value="​3"​ nick="​type"/>​
 +    <value value="​4"​ nick="​mtime"/>​
 +    <value value="​5"​ nick="​atime"/>​
 +    <value value="​6"​ nick="​trash-time"/>​
 +  </​enum>​
 +
 +  <enum id="​org.gnome.nautilus.ZoomLevel">​
 +    <value value="​0"​ nick="​smallest"/>​
 +    <value value="​1"​ nick="​smaller"/>​
 +    <value value="​2"​ nick="​small"/>​
 +    <value value="​3"​ nick="​standard"/>​
 +    <value value="​4"​ nick="​large"/>​
 +    <value value="​5"​ nick="​larger"/>​
 +    <value value="​6"​ nick="​largest"/>​
 +  </​enum>​
 +
 +  <enum id="​org.gnome.nautilus.TabPosition">​
 +    <value value="​0"​ nick="​after-current-tab"/>​
 +    <value value="​1"​ nick="​end"/>​
 +  </​enum>​
 +
 +  <schema path="/​org/​gnome/​nautilus/"​ id="​org.gnome.nautilus"​ gettext-domain="​nautilus">​
 +    <child schema="​org.gnome.nautilus.preferences"​ name="​preferences"/>​
 +    <child schema="​org.gnome.nautilus.icon-view"​ name="​icon-view"/>​
 +    <child schema="​org.gnome.nautilus.list-view"​ name="​list-view"/>​
 +    <child schema="​org.gnome.nautilus.desktop"​ name="​desktop"/>​
 +    <child schema="​org.gnome.nautilus.window-state"​ name="​window-state"/>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +
 +  <schema path="/​org/​gnome/​nautilus/​preferences/"​ id="​org.gnome.nautilus.preferences"​ gettext-domain="​nautilus">​
 +    <key name="​tabs-open-position"​ enum="​org.gnome.nautilus.TabPosition">​
 +      <​aliases>​
 + <alias value='​after_current_tab'​ target='​after-current-tab'/>​
 +      </​aliases>​
 +      <​default>'​after-current-tab'</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Where to position newly open tabs in browser windows.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If set to "​after-current-tab",​ then new tabs are inserted after the current tab. If set to "​end",​ then new tabs are appended to the end of the tab list.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​always-use-location-entry">​
 +      <​default>​false</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Always use the location entry, instead of the pathbar</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If set to true, then Nautilus browser windows will always use a textual input entry for the location toolbar, instead of the pathbar.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​confirm-trash">​
 +      <​default>​true</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Whether to ask for confirmation when deleting files, or emptying Trash</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If set to true, then Nautilus will ask for confirmation when you attempt to delete files, or empty the Trash.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​enable-delete">​
 +      <​default>​false</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Whether to enable immediate deletion</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If set to true, then Nautilus will have a feature allowing you to delete a file immediately and in-place, instead of moving it to the trash. This feature can be dangerous, so use caution.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key name="​show-directory-item-counts"​ enum="​org.gnome.nautilus.SpeedTradeoff">​
 +      <​aliases><​alias value='​local_only'​ target='​local-only'/></​aliases>​
 +      <​default>'​local-only'</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​When to show number of items in a folder</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Speed tradeoff for when to show the number of items in a folder. If set to "​always"​ then always show item counts, even if the folder is on a remote server. If set to "​local-only"​ then only show counts for local file systems. If set to "​never"​ then never bother to compute item counts.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key name="​click-policy"​ enum="​org.gnome.nautilus.ClickPolicy">​
 +      <​default>'​double'</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Type of click used to launch/open files</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Possible values are "​single"​ to launch files on a single click, or "​double"​ to launch them on a double click.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key name="​executable-text-activation"​ enum="​org.gnome.nautilus.ActivationChoice">​
 +      <​default>'​display'</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​What to do with executable text files when activated</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​What to do with executable text files when they are activated (single or double clicked). Possible values are "​launch"​ to launch them as programs, "​ask"​ to ask what to do via a dialog, and "​display"​ to display them as text files.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​install-mime-activation">​
 +      <​default>​true</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Show the package installer for unknown mime types</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Whether to show the user a package installer dialog in case an unknown mime type is opened, in order to search for an application to handle it.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​mouse-use-extra-buttons">​
 +      <​default>​true</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Use extra mouse button events in Nautilus'​ browser window</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​For users with mice that have "​Forward"​ and "​Back"​ buttons, this key will determine if any action is taken inside of Nautilus when either is pressed.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​i"​ name="​mouse-forward-button">​
 +      <​default>​9</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Mouse button to activate the "​Forward"​ command in browser window</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​For users with mice that have buttons for "​Forward"​ and "​Back",​ this key will set which button activates the "​Forward"​ command in a browser window. Possible values range between 6 and 14.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​i"​ name="​mouse-back-button">​
 +      <​default>​8</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Mouse button to activate the "​Back"​ command in browser window</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​For users with mice that have buttons for "​Forward"​ and "​Back",​ this key will set which button activates the "​Back"​ command in a browser window. Possible values range between 6 and 14.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key name="​show-image-thumbnails"​ enum="​org.gnome.nautilus.SpeedTradeoff">​
 +      <​aliases><​alias value='​local_only'​ target='​local-only'/></​aliases>​
 +      <​default>'​local-only'</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​When to show thumbnails of files</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Speed tradeoff for when to show a file as a thumbnail. If set to "​always"​ then always thumbnail, even if the folder is on a remote server. If set to "​local-only"​ then only show thumbnails for local file systems. If set to "​never"​ then never bother to thumbnail files, just use a generic icon. Despite what the name may suggest, this applies to any previewable file type.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​t"​ name="​thumbnail-limit">​
 +      <​default>​10485760</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Maximum image size for thumbnailing</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Images over this size (in bytes) won't be thumbnailed. The purpose of this setting is to avoid thumbnailing large images that may take a long time to load or use lots of memory.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​sort-directories-first">​
 +      <​default>​false</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Show folders first in windows</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If set to true, then Nautilus shows folders prior to showing files in the icon and list views.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key name="​default-sort-order"​ enum="​org.gnome.nautilus.SortOrder">​
 +      <​aliases>​
 + <alias value='​modification_date'​ target='​mtime'/>​
 +      </​aliases>​
 +      <​default>'​name'</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Default sort order</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​The default sort-order for items in the icon view. Possible values are "​name",​ "​size",​ "​type"​ and "​mtime"​.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​default-sort-in-reverse-order">​
 +      <​default>​false</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Reverse sort order in new windows</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If true, files in new windows will be sorted in reverse order. ie, if sorted by name, then instead of sorting the files from "​a"​ to "​z",​ they will be sorted from "​z"​ to "​a";​ if sorted by size, instead of being incrementally they will be sorted decrementally.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key name="​default-folder-viewer"​ enum="​org.gnome.nautilus.FolderView">​
 +      <​aliases>​
 +        <alias value='​icon_view'​ target='​icon-view'/>​
 +        <alias value='​compact_view'​ target='​icon-view'/>​
 +        <alias value='​compact-view'​ target='​icon-view'/>​
 +        <alias value='​list_view'​ target='​list-view'/>​
 +      </​aliases>​
 +      <​default>'​icon-view'</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Default folder viewer</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​When a folder is visited this viewer is used unless you have selected another view for that particular folder. Possible values are "​list-view",​ and "​icon-view"​.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​show-hidden-files">​
 +      <​default>​false</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Whether to show hidden files</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This key is deprecated and ignored. The "​show-hidden"​ key from "​org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser"​ is now used instead.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​ay"​ name="​bulk-rename-tool">​
 +      <​default>​[]</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Bulk rename utility</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If set, Nautilus will append URIs of selected files and treat the result as a command line for bulk renaming. Bulk rename applications can register themselves in this key by setting the key to a space-separated string of their executable name and any command line options. If the executable name is not set to a full path, it will be searched for in the search path.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​enable-interactive-search">​
 +      <​default>​false</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Enable interactive (type-ahead) search</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If set to true, enables interactive search, similar to Nautilus 3.4.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +
 +  <schema path="/​org/​gnome/​nautilus/​icon-view/"​ id="​org.gnome.nautilus.icon-view"​ gettext-domain="​nautilus">​
 +    <key type="​as"​ name="​captions">​
 +      <​default>​[ '​none',​ '​size',​ '​date_modified'​ ]</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​List of possible captions on icons</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​A list of captions below an icon in the icon view and the desktop. The actual number of captions shown depends on the zoom level. Some possible values are: "​size",​ "​type",​ "​date_modified",​ "​owner",​ "​group",​ "​permissions",​ and "​mime_type"​.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key name="​default-zoom-level"​ enum="​org.gnome.nautilus.ZoomLevel">​
 +      <​default>'​standard'</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Default icon zoom level</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Default zoom level used by the icon view.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​i"​ name="​thumbnail-size">​
 +      <​default>​64</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Default Thumbnail Icon Size</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​The default size of an icon for a thumbnail in the icon view.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​as"​ name="​text-ellipsis-limit">​
 +      <​default>​[ '​3'​ ]</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Text Ellipsis Limit</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​A string specifying how parts of overlong file names should be replaced by ellipses, depending on the zoom level. Each of the list entries is of the form "Zoom Level:​Integer"​. For each specified zoom level, if the given integer is larger than 0, the file name will not exceed the given number of lines. If the integer is 0 or smaller, no limit is imposed on the specified zoom level. A default entry of the form "​Integer"​ without any specified zoom level is also allowed. It defines the maximum number of lines for all other zoom levels. Examples: 0 - always display overlong file names; 3 - shorten file names if they exceed three lines; smallest:​5,​smaller:​4,​0 - shorten file names if they exceed five lines for zoom level "​smallest"​. Shorten file names if they exceed four lines for zoom level "​smaller"​. Do not shorten file names for other zoom levels. Available zoom levels: smallest (33%), smaller (50%), small (66%), standard (100%), large (150%), larger (200%), largest (400%)</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +
 +  <schema path="/​org/​gnome/​nautilus/​list-view/"​ id="​org.gnome.nautilus.list-view"​ gettext-domain="​nautilus">​
 +    <key name="​default-zoom-level"​ enum="​org.gnome.nautilus.ZoomLevel">​
 +      <​default>'​small'</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Default list zoom level</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Default zoom level used by the list view.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​as"​ name="​default-visible-columns">​
 +      <​default>​[ '​name',​ '​size',​ '​type',​ '​date_modified'​ ]</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Default list of columns visible in the list view</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Default list of columns visible in the list view.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​as"​ name="​default-column-order">​
 +      <​default>​[ '​name',​ '​size',​ '​type',​ '​date_modified'​ ]</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Default column order in the list view</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Default column order in the list view.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​use-tree-view">​
 +      <​default>​false</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Use tree view</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Whether a tree should be used for list view navigation instead of a flat list</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +
 +  <schema path="/​org/​gnome/​nautilus/​desktop/"​ id="​org.gnome.nautilus.desktop"​ gettext-domain="​nautilus">​ # Нам надо подправить эту секцию
 +    <key type="​s"​ name="​font">​
 +      <default l10n="​messages"​ context="​desktop-font">''</​default>​ # Устанавливаем шрифт
 +      <​summary>​Desktop font</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​The font _description used for the icons on the desktop.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​home-icon-visible">​
 +      <​default>​true</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Home icon visible on desktop</​summary>​ # Домашняя папка на рабочем столе
 +      <​description>​If this is set to true, an icon linking to the home folder will be put on the desktop.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​trash-icon-visible">​ #​Корзина
 +      <​default>​true</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Trash icon visible on desktop</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If this is set to true, an icon linking to the trash will be put on the desktop.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​volumes-visible">​ #​Устройства
 +      <​default>​true</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Show mounted volumes on the desktop</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If this is set to true, icons linking to mounted volumes will be put on the desktop.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​network-icon-visible">​ #Сеть
 +      <​default>​false</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Network Servers icon visible on the desktop</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If this is set to true, an icon linking to the Network Servers view will be put on the desktop.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​s"​ name="​home-icon-name">​ #​Название домашней папки
 +      <​default>''</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Desktop home icon name</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This name can be set if you want a custom name for the home icon on the desktop.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​s"​ name="​trash-icon-name">​ #​Название корзины
 +      <default l10n="​messages"​ context="​trash-icon-name">'​Trash'</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Desktop trash icon name</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This name can be set if you want a custom name for the trash icon on the desktop.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​s"​ name="​network-icon-name">​ #​Название сети
 +      <default l10n="​messages"​ context="​network-icon-name">'​Network Servers'</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Network servers icon name</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​This name can be set if you want a custom name for the network servers icon on the desktop.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​i"​ name="​text-ellipsis-limit">​
 +      <​default>​3</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Text Ellipsis Limit</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​An integer specifying how parts of overlong file names should be replaced by ellipses on the desktop. If the number is larger than 0, the file name will not exceed the given number of lines. If the number is 0 or smaller, no limit is imposed on the number of displayed lines.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​background-fade">​
 +      <​default>​true</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Fade the background on change</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If set to true, then Nautilus will use a fade effect to change the desktop background.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +
 +  <schema path="/​org/​gnome/​nautilus/​window-state/"​ id="​org.gnome.nautilus.window-state"​ gettext-domain="​nautilus">​
 +    <key type="​s"​ name="​geometry">​
 +      <​default>''</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​The geometry string for a navigation window.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​A string containing the saved geometry and coordinates string for navigation windows.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​maximized">​
 +      <​default>​false</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Whether the navigation window should be maximized.</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​Whether the navigation window should be maximized by default.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​i"​ name="​sidebar-width">​
 +      <​default>​188</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Width of the side pane</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​The default width of the side pane in new windows.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​start-with-location-bar">​
 +      <​default>​true</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Show location bar in new windows</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If set to true, newly opened windows will have the location bar visible.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +    <key type="​b"​ name="​start-with-sidebar">​
 +      <​default>​true</​default>​
 +      <​summary>​Show side pane in new windows</​summary>​
 +      <​description>​If set to true, newly opened windows will have the side pane visible.</​description>​
 +    </​key>​
 +  </​schema>​
 +</​schemalist>​
 +</​code>​
 ===== Создание папки для CD диска и ее заполнение ===== ===== Создание папки для CD диска и ее заполнение =====
  
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 <​code>​ <​code>​
 cp chroot/​boot/​vmlinuz-3.**-**-generic image/​casper/​vmlinuz cp chroot/​boot/​vmlinuz-3.**-**-generic image/​casper/​vmlinuz
-cp chroot/​boot/​initrd.img-3.**-**-generic ​image/​casper/initrd.gz+cp initrd.lz image/​casper
 </​code>​ </​code>​
 Во-вторых,​ если у Вас возникли проблемы с копированием ядра или инитрд — может быть, у Вас этот файл не один — тогда используйте следующие команды:​ Во-вторых,​ если у Вас возникли проблемы с копированием ядра или инитрд — может быть, у Вас этот файл не один — тогда используйте следующие команды:​
Строка 255: Строка 899:
  
 1. Скопировать текст и потом его изменить. 1. Скопировать текст и потом его изменить.
 +
 или или
 +
 2. Использовать следующую команду:​ 2. Использовать следующую команду:​
  
Строка 323: Строка 969:
 ==== Создание манифеста. ==== ==== Создание манифеста. ====
  
-<​code>​sudo chroot chroot dpkg-query -W --showformat='​${Package} ${Version} \n' | sudo tee image/​casper/​filesystem.manifest+<​code>​ 
 +sudo chroot chroot dpkg-query -W --showformat='​${Package} ${Version} \n' | sudo tee image/​casper/​filesystem.manifest
 sudo cp -v image/​casper/​filesystem.manifest image/​casper/​filesystem.manifest-desktop sudo cp -v image/​casper/​filesystem.manifest image/​casper/​filesystem.manifest-desktop
-REMOVE = '​ubiquity ubiquity-frontend-gtk ubiquity-frontend-kde casper lupin-casper live-initramfs user-setup ​discover1 ​xresprobe os-prober libdebian-installer4'​+REMOVE = '​ubiquity ubiquity-frontend-gtk ubiquity-frontend-kde casper lupin-casper live-initramfs user-setup ​discover ​xresprobe os-prober libdebian-installer4'​
 for i in $ REMOVE for i in $ REMOVE
 do do
 sudo sed -i "/​${i}/​d"​ image/​casper/​filesystem.manifest-desktop sudo sed -i "/​${i}/​d"​ image/​casper/​filesystem.manifest-desktop
-done</​code>​+done 
 +</​code>​
  
 ==== Сжатие изолированной системы. ==== ==== Сжатие изолированной системы. ====
Строка 349: Строка 997:
 Для этого выполним команду Для этого выполним команду
  
-<​code>​printf $(sudo du -sx --block-size = 1 chroot | cut -f1) > image/​casper/​filesystem.size</​code>​+<​code>​printf $(sudo du -sx --block-size=1 chroot | cut -f1) > image/​casper/​filesystem.size</​code>​
  
 ==== Создание diskdefines ==== ==== Создание diskdefines ====
Строка 378: Строка 1026:
 mkdir .disk mkdir .disk
 cd .disk cd .disk
 +cp ../​../​casper-uuid-generic .
 touch base_installable touch base_installable
 echo "​full_cd/​single">​ cd_type echo "​full_cd/​single">​ cd_type
-echo '​Ubuntu 14.04 "​Trusty Tahr" - Release i386 ** Remix **'>​ info+echo '​Ubuntu 14.04 LTS "​Trusty Tahr" - Release i386 ** Remix **'>​ info
 echo "​http://​ubuntu-rescue-remix.org">​ release_notes_url echo "​http://​ubuntu-rescue-remix.org">​ release_notes_url
 cd ../.. cd ../..
Строка 389: Строка 1038:
 <​code>​ <​code>​
 sudo -s sudo -s
-(cd image && find . -type f -print 0 | xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v"\ ./​md5sum.txt">​ md5sum.txt)+(cd image && find . -type f -print0 ​| xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v "​\./​md5sum.txt"​ > md5sum.txt)
 exit exit
 </​code>​ </​code>​
Строка 400: Строка 1049:
 <​code>​ <​code>​
 cd image cd image
-sudo mkisofs -r -V "​$IMAGE_NAME"​ -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/​isolinux.bin -c isolinux/​boot.cat ​--no-emul-boot ​--boot-load-size 4 --boot-info-table -o .. /ubuntu-remix.iso+sudo mkisofs -r -V "​$IMAGE_NAME"​ -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/​isolinux.bin -c isolinux/​boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o ../ubuntu-custom-i386.iso .
 cd .. cd ..
 </​code>​ </​code>​
Строка 411: Строка 1060:
   * https://​help.ubuntu.com/​community/​LiveCDCustomization_ru   * https://​help.ubuntu.com/​community/​LiveCDCustomization_ru
   * http://​askubuntu.com/​questions/​48535/​how-to-customize-live-ubuntu-cd   * http://​askubuntu.com/​questions/​48535/​how-to-customize-live-ubuntu-cd
-{{tag>​Администрирование HOWTO FIXME}}+  * http://​nikmy.ru/​index.php/​stati/​linux/​sistemnye/​119-sozdanie-svoej-sborki-live-cd-ubuntu.html?​showall=1&​limitstart= - Ссылка на исходную статью 
 +{{tag>​Администрирование HOWTO FIXME Можно_улучшить}}